![]() Positioning-centric information is changing the way people, businesses, and governments work throughout the world. ![]() SketchUp Pro Latest Version is a 3D modeling computer program for a wide range of drawing applications such as architectural, interior design, landscape architecture, civil and mechanical engineering, and film and video game design. SketchUp Pro Crack provides you with all the tools you need to create all kinds of 3D designs, such as woodworking blueprints, urban planning designs, video game designs, and much more. ![]() SketchUp Pre Cracked allows you to create 3D models of houses, woodworking projects, 3D printing, civil engineering, and even every 3D model. SketchUp (formerly Google SketchUp) is an intuitive 3D design and modeling program that comes with multiple template options, 3D Warehouse, and dozens of video tutorials. SketchUp Pro 2023 License Key enables you to design, define, and plan in all stages of the project. It is a powerful 3D modeling application designed for a wide range of drawing applications such as architectural, civil, engineering, etc. It comes in both 32-bit and 64-bit downloads.SketchUp Pro Crack is the most intuitive way to design, document, and communicate your ideas in 3D. Previous versions of the OS shouldn't be a problem with Windows 8 and Windows 7 having been tested. Google SketchUp can be used on a computer running Windows 11 or Windows 10. What version of Windows can Google SketchUp run on? Download and installation of this PC software is free and 20.0.373 is the latest version last time we checked. Google SketchUp is provided under a freeware license on Windows from 3D design with no restrictions on usage. Toolbars: Customize the layout of SketchUp for a personalized experience.Ĭompatibility and License Is Google SketchUp free to download?.Texturing: Utilize materials, colors, textures and shadows for a realistic look.Sharing: Share models with others via 3D Warehouse.Sandbox Tools: Create terrain from imported GIS data.Rendering: Generate photorealistic images and videos.Plugins: Expand SketchUp capabilities with add-ons.Photo Matching: Import photos and trace them to create 3D models.Measurements: Make precise measurements in models.LayOut: Create presentations and documents for client presentations.Extrusion: Create 3D objects from 2D shapes.Designing: Easily draw walls and windows, design furniture and fixtures and more.Components: Build models quickly by using components such as people, trees and vehicles.Building Maker: Create 3D models of buildings quickly.Animation: Create animated walkthroughs and flyovers. ![]()
0 Comments
![]() ![]() With voice features growing, companies like Roblox must figure out effective solutions for creating safer online spaces for everyone. While financial terms were undisclosed, for now, the deal appears to be a win-win. This could open avenues like voice channels for older users or easy voice integration for developers. Looking ahead, the acquisition may enable Roblox to confidently expand voice capabilities, knowing harmful behavior can be addressed. The company noted in its announcement Speechly’s technology will allow it to moderate the “scale, real-time and dynamic needs” of voice chat. Such credentials likely made Speechly an attractive acquisition target for Roblox, which places a high premium on user safety.įor Roblox, the deal culminates two years of progress towards voice features. Furthermore, the company recently received SOC 2 Type II certification, indicating strong data integrity and confidentiality measures. By processing speech on users' devices or in private clouds, the technology maintains stringent data security standards. Speechly's technology is not just robust it's also designed with user privacy in mind. But this requires added trust and safety measures. Voice chat appeals to teen and adult users looking for more sophisticated social connection. The acquisition aligns with Roblox’s expanding demographic beyond children. Hannes Heikinheimo, Speechly’s CTO, said “We are excited to be joining a company dedicated to safety and civility and to use our AI expertise to evolve traditional methods of moderation.” Their real-time voice moderation achieved higher accuracy in detecting harmful speech compared to rivals, with efficient on-device processing that reduces costs. Speechly’s technology offers a timely and effective solution. Studies show over 70% of gamers have encountered toxic behavior on voice chat. However, integrating voice also creates moderation challenges. More recently, it launched avatar-based voice calls with facial tracking to enable more lifelike conversations. ![]() Roblox first enabled voice chat capabilities for developers in 2020. The company sees voice features as key to creating immersive social experiences. In recent years, Roblox has moved beyond gaming to become a “metaverse” allowing users to interact, create, and socialize. With over 65 million daily active users, Roblox is one of the world’s most popular online gaming platforms. Their technology transcribes conversations and detects harmful speech, allowing gaming and social platforms to quickly moderate voice interactions. The deal signals Roblox’s commitment to enhancing safety and civility as it expands into voice-based social experiences.įounded in 2016, Helsinki-based Speechly developed AI-powered tools for accurate, real-time moderation of voice chat. Roblox announced today that it is acquiring Speechly, a voice technology startup aimed at moderating real-time voice chat. ![]() ![]() ![]() The Bohr model retains the classical mechanics view of circular orbits confined to planes having constant energy and angular momentum, but restricts these to quantized values dependent on a single quantum number, n. If classical electromagnetic theory is applied, then the Rutherford atom would emit electromagnetic radiation of continually increasing frequency (contrary to the observed discrete spectra), thereby losing energy until the atom collapsed in an absurdly short time (contrary to the observed long-term stability of atoms). ![]() If the requirements of classical electromagnetic theory that electrons in such orbits would emit electromagnetic radiation are ignored, such atoms would be stable, having constant energy and angular momentum, but would not emit any visible light (contrary to observation). According to classical mechanics, the Rutherford model predicts a miniature “solar system” with electrons moving about the nucleus in circular or elliptical orbits that are confined to planes. What causes the lines in these spectra? Why are the colors of the lines different? Suggest a reason for the observation that the spectrum of calcium is more complicated than the spectrum of hydrogen.īoth involve a relatively heavy nucleus with electrons moving around it, although strictly speaking, the Bohr model works only for one-electron atoms or ions. The spectra of hydrogen and of calcium are shown below. Even for the hydrogen atom, the Bohr's model incorrectly predicts that atom's ground state possesses nonzero orbital angular momentum.\( \newcommand\) "So, already in 1913, it was clear that Bohr's model is not quite correct. "The model failed to predict the right value of the ground-state energies of many-electron atoms and binding energies of the molecules - even for the simplest 2-electron systems, such as the helium atom or a hydrogen molecule," says Anatoly Svidzinsky, a professor in the Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering at Texas A&M, in an email interview. He got hydrogen right, but his model was a little glitchy. Bohr hypothesized that light was emitted when an electron jumped from a higher energy track to a lower energy track - that's what made hydrogen glow in a glass tube. The model he proposed for the hydrogen atom had electrons moving around the nucleus, but only on special tracks with different energy levels. That year, he published three papers on the constitution of atoms and molecules: The first and most famous was devoted to the hydrogen atom and the other two described some elements with more electrons, using his model as a framework. In 1913, the Bohr's model was a giant leap forward because it incorporated features of the newborn quantum mechanics into the description of atoms and molecules. Nuclei were positive electric, with various masses but much larger than electrons, yet very small in size." "Ernest Rutherford discovered the nucleus in 1911. "Electrons were found to be negative electric, and all with the same mass and very small compared with atoms," says Dudley Herschbach, a Harvard chemist who shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1986 for his "contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes," in an email. His best guess was the " plum pudding model," which depicted the atom as a positively-charged pie studded with negatively-charged areas scattered throughout like fruit in an old-timey dessert. Thomson just hypothesized that electrons existed, but he couldn't work out exactly how electrons fit into an atom. Thomson discovered electrons - negatively-charged particles inside the atoms everyone had spent the better part of a century believing were entirely indivisible - as the smallest things that existed. Scientists suspected atoms existed for a long time before they could conceptualize their structure - even the ancient Greeks figured the matter of the universe was made up of components so small they couldn't be broken down into anything smaller, and they called these fundamental units atomos, which means "undivided." By the end of the 19th century, it was understood that chemical substances could be broken down into atoms, which were very small and atoms of different elements had a predictable weight.īut then, in 1897, British physicist J.J. But we've got an estimation of what a single atom looks like because of the work of a bunch of different scientists like Danish physicist Niels Bohr.Ītoms are the building blocks of matter - a single atom of any individual element is the most basic entity in nature that still abides by the rules of physics we can observe in everyday life (the subatomic particles that make up atoms have their own special rules). You can search for a picture of an atom on the internet and you'll find one, even though nobody's actually seen an atom before. ![]() ![]() ![]() Secondary Infections: Any puncture wound, including a spider bite, can potentially lead to a secondary infection if not adequately cared for. In rare cases, a cat may exhibit a more severe reaction to a wolf spider bite, leading to more significant swelling or discomfort. However, it's essential to keep the following in mind:Īllergic Reactions: Just as with humans and dogs, some cats may be more sensitive or allergic to spider venom. Wolf spider bites on cats typically result in mild and self-limiting symptoms, such as localized pain, redness, and swelling at the bite site. Like dogs and humans, cats can be bitten by wolf spiders, but the venom of these spiders is not potent enough to pose a significant threat to feline health. Wolf spiders are generally not considered dangerous to cats. However, if you suspect that your dog has been bitten by any spider or insect and displays unusual or severe symptoms, it's advisable to consult a veterinarian for a proper evaluation and guidance on treatment. In most cases, a wolf spider bite on a dog will result in minor, self-limiting symptoms. Regularly cleaning and reducing other insect populations can also help reduce the presence of wolf spiders. Sealing cracks and openings in your home can help prevent spiders from entering. Preventing Bites: To minimize the risk of a wolf spider bite to your dog, it's a good practice to keep your home and outdoor spaces free of spider infestations. It's essential to monitor the bite site and consult a veterinarian if you notice signs of infection, such as increased redness, discharge, or worsening symptoms. Secondary Infections: Any puncture wound, including a spider bite, can potentially lead to a secondary infection if not properly cared for. In rare cases, a dog may have a more severe reaction to a wolf spider bite, resulting in more significant swelling or discomfort. However, there are a few considerations to keep in mind:Īllergic Reactions: Just like in humans, some dogs may be more sensitive or allergic to spider venom. While wolf spider bites can cause localized pain, redness, and swelling in humans, dogs are less sensitive to their venom, and the effects of a wolf spider bite on a dog are usually mild. These spiders have venomous fangs and can deliver a bite, but their venom is not potent enough to cause serious harm to dogs. Wolf spiders are generally not dangerous to dogs. Wolf spider bites are typically mild and self-limiting, and severe reactions are extremely rare. While wolf spiders can bite when provoked, they are not dangerous in the same way that some other venomous spiders, such as black widows or brown recluses, can be. They are not aggressive and would rather flee than confront a human. Wolf spiders are generally beneficial to the ecosystem as they help control insect populations. ![]() ![]() Accidental encounters with humans can happen, and some people may react with fear or anxiety when they come across these spiders. Their size and appearance can be intimidating to some people, leading to unwarranted fear or overreactions when they encounter these spiders.Īccidental Encounters: In some cases, wolf spiders may enter homes or other structures in search of prey or shelter. Size and Appearance: Wolf spiders are relatively large, with a leg span that can reach up to several inches. People who are allergic to spider venom may experience more severe symptoms, but severe allergic reactions are exceptionally rare. Although their bites are not typically dangerous, they can be painful and lead to mild allergic reactions in some individuals. In most cases, a wolf spider bite may result in localized pain, redness, and swelling, similar to a bee or wasp sting.ĭefensive Behavior: When cornered or provoked, wolf spiders may bite as a defensive reaction. However, their venom is relatively mild compared to some other spider species, and their bites are rarely considered dangerous to humans. While their venom is primarily intended for hunting, it can also be used in self-defense if they feel threatened. Venomous Bite: Wolf spiders possess venomous fangs, which they use to subdue their prey. Wolf spiders (Family Lycosidae) are generally not considered dangerous to humans, but they can exhibit some behaviors that might be perceived as potentially harmful under certain circumstances. ![]() ![]() If you purchase the Harmony Home Extender ($99), which has Z-Wave and ZigBee compatibility, the list of supported devices increases dramatically to include locks (Yale, Kwikset), even more lights (GE, Cree), as well as window and door sensors. Here's a quick guide on how to connect the Harmony Elite to Alexa. With Alexa or Google Assistant, you can issue Harmony commands using your voice-as well as smart home hubs (such as SmartThings and Wink), thermostats ( Nest, Ecobee), and lights (Lutron and Philips Hue). It's one of the best Google Home compatible devices and best Alexa compatible devices. The Elite works with a huge number of smart home products (follow this link for a complete list). Using the mobile app, you can configure the buttons to control any connected smart home devices. The left two buttons have icons for lights, while the right two have icons for power outlets. While the Elite can connect to just as many smart home devices as the Ultimate, Logitech placed several physical buttons on the remote so that it's even easier to, say, dim the lights or even turn on the coffee maker.Īt the bottom of the remote are four smart home buttons separated by a rocker switch in the middle. Logitech is getting smarter about smart homes. Logitech Harmony Elite review: Smart home integration As I found with every other remote I've ever used, you should be able to change the channels and volume without having to look at the remote itself. Other than that, I really didn't interact with the Elite's touch screen all that much, and used the physical buttons. I really liked the Activities and Devices buttons on the Ultimate, switching between Activities and Devices wasn't as intuitive - even after a few weeks, I still searched for the correct button if I had to change a setting. I couldn't change the colors of the lights from the remote, but I was able to do so easily from the iOS app. For example, I could adjust the temperature of my Nest thermostat or change the brightness of each of my Philips Hue lights. Here, you have more precise control over each product. When you select the Devices button, you'll see a list of the devices you've connected to the remote - such as your TV, cable box and stereo - as well as any smart home products. The former changes the screen to show the activities you have programmed, such as "Watch Apple TV" or "Watch DishTV." If you swipe on the screen, you can see your Favorite channels. Below the display are two touch-sensitive buttons: Activities and Devices. ![]() Logitech made navigating on-screen menus much more intuitive than on its previous remote. As with the previous-generation Harmony Ultimate, you can also program activities to include smart home devices - for example, my Apple TV activity now includes a command to dim my Philips Hue lights. For example, I created an Activity called Apple TV, which, when pressed, turned on my Samsung TV, Apple TV and Panasonic stereo to the correct settings. MORE: Our Favorite 4K (Ultra HD) TVs Available NowĪfter you download the app and create a free account, you can then create "Activities," a sequence of commands that will set any number of devices to the correct settings. While the Elite still has a micro-USB port - so that you can plug it into your computer to set it up - the entire process can now be handled via an Android or iOS app. With each successive generation of the Harmony, Logitech has made the setup easier. ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Part of the Wilderness Survivor DLC pack.Īncient dark metal armor with a bear fur cowl. Also includes the Deathsong Hatchet climbing axe skin.īONUS: Chance of looting exotic animal resources from common animals. Hide garb pieced together from various exotic skins. Includes the Python or Venom Hand Cannon.īONUS: All damage from predatory animals is decreased. Heavy bear hide and fur jacket adorned with the claws of defeated foes. Also includes the White Widow Recurve Bow skin.īONUS: Non-predatory animals scare less easily, making making them easier prey. Reward for completing the Hearty Meal Mission in the Geothermal Valley These large images are linked below each thumbnail image and will open in a new window.īelow the pictures you'll find detailed descriptions of all outfits and how to unlock them.īrown hide and fur outfit made from deer skins.īONUS: Reduces the delay before health begins regenerating when damaged. The developers have been releasing a series of " Gear Up Guides" with detailed renders showing each outfit from different angles and describing its components. Follow the on-screen prompts to try on the outfits you've unlocked, craft them (where applicable), and equip them. Get used to it.) In the Weapons Menu, press RB on the controller to cycle through the weapon types to Outfits, or mouse click on the Outfits icon. SELECTING AND CHANGING OUTFITS: To change outfits, go to any Base Camp and select the Weapons Menu. The table below the pictures has details, and you'll find more info on the Crafting and Equipment page. Several outfits require additional crafting after they have been unlocked. Details about these are on the separate Weapons page. A few include skins for various weapons, like the bow, climbing axe, and combat knife. ![]() Some are unlocked as you play through the game. This page includes a complete list Lara's outfits. #RISE OF THE TOMB RAIDER TRAINER 106681 UPDATE#Īlways make a backup of the files that are overwritten by the File Archive, as the original files are usually required to update the game to a newer version or to play Online!.Tomb Raider - 3DVD5 - CI to CUI - Done by gatosky1620.Tomb Raider - 3xDVD5 *One Audio Language+All Updates & DLC's* - Done by Fabioddq.Tomb Raider - Game of the Year +6 TRAINER.Tomb Raider - Game of the Year v1.01.748.0 +5 TRAINER.Tomb Raider - Game of the Year v1.01.748.0 Fixed Files.How to unlock all of Lara's outfits (costumes, skins) in Rise of the Tomb Raider, including in-game rewards, card-based outfits, and purchased DLC. In ALL cases this is a FALSE ALARM as NONE of the Game Trainers GCW contain known malicious code! More info in the PC Games FAQ! Some Game Trainers are sometimes reported to be a Virus or Trojan, the most common is a keylogger called HotKeysHook or the file has been packed/protected with VMProtect or Themida and is recognized as Win32/Packed.VMProtect or Win32/ most cases using a No-CD or Fixed EXE will solve this problem! Some original games do not work when a certain application has been installed, like DAEMON Tools.When using Fixed Files make sure to use a Firewall which controls outgoing traffic, as some games call back to report the use of these modified files!.When this happens use the original EXE to play online, else you could find yourself banned from the game! Some No-CD/Fixed EXE files work fine in Single Player mode but are detected to be modified when trying to play online. If you have problems using a trainer in combination with Windows Vista, 7, 8 or 10 then make sure to run the trainer with Administrator rights and when needed in Windows XP or Windows 98 compatibility mode!.ALL available trainers are for Single Player/Offline use ONLY! Don't try to use them online else your account can/will be banned/closed!įile Archive - PROPHET Version - Can return a false AV Positive! File = Clean!.Tomb Raider v1.1.743.0 - v1.1.748.0 +2 TRAINERįile Archive - MegaTrainer eXperience - Updated Tomb Raider - Game of the Year +6 TRAINERįile Archive - External Link - Can return a false AV Positive! File = Clean!įile Archive - Can return a false AV Positive! File = Clean! Tomb Raider - Game of the Year v1.01.748.0 Fixed Files Tomb Raider - Game of the Year v1.01.748.0 +5 TRAINER Tomb Raider v1.0 - v1.1.732.1 +11 TRAINERįile Archive - STEAM Version - Updated Tomb Raider v1.1.742.0 Fixed Filesįile Archive - BassMod Installer v1.0 #RISE OF THE TOMB RAIDER TRAINER 106681 PATCH#.#RISE OF THE TOMB RAIDER TRAINER 106681 ARCHIVE#.#RISE OF THE TOMB RAIDER TRAINER 106681 UPDATE#. ![]() ![]() ![]() A high-schooler (16 years old at most) with a strong sense of justice notices this and caughts you in the act. To flesh out the Rapelay part: You're the son of a local official and you like to molest women in the train. As a VN its also one of the best in the medium. * edit: As mentioned by /u/roadlesstravelled here Saya no Uta is a very dark and twisted visual novel. * Papers Please is not really what I'd call "immoral" but you might find it more interesting than something that just sets out to be as flashily rude and offensive as possible. Muslim Massacre leans more towards satire, but at face value its quite shocking. ![]() Doesn't get much more offensive than that.īorder Patrol and Muslim Massacre are, as you might expect by the titles, unapologetically racist games about just slaughtering hordes of foreigners. Rapelay is another one, that skips the beating up part and just gets to the raping. Rendition is another text adventure, perhaps less artistic, but I can tell you that its about delivering torture, specifically the kind of torture used on prisoners of war.īattle Raper is a series of Japanese porn games about beating up women and raping them. I highly recommend this one for anyone, its an excellent and haunting piece of art and shouldn't take more than 20-30 minutes to play through it. * The Baron by Victor Gijsbers is a text adventure game about an extremely bad person, to say much more would spoil it, but suffice to say its more the domestic kind of evil than the world destroying kind. There are quite a few games that recreate school shootings, such as VTech Rampage and The Slaying of Sandy Hook Elementary, but this is the original. It actually has some artistic value but in general is quite offensive. Super Columbine Massacre RPG is an RPG Maker game that seeks to recreate the Columbine high school shooting and puts you in the shoes of the shooters. Explaining the story would kind of spoil it, but it doesn't take more than 5 minutes or so. Made by the guy who created VVVVVV of all things.Įdmund is another short little flash game about a person with questionable morals. * Oiche Mhaith is a short little flash game with domestic abuse as a central theme. There's even some rpg elements, use the points you get for a high quality torture to buy fancier torture equipment. Oh, but first you have to convince the prisoners to come back to your house by using sociopathic social tactics. It's a game about constructing a torture dungeon that your prisoners have to go through, your goal is to deplete the health of their mind and body through a variety of nasty traps, but without killing them outright, so they have to face the rest of their lives with their psyche shattered. Previous sticky threads (Good resources for finding games to play):Įxtremely offensive? Well, I have some suggestions, but you've been warned.Įdit: I've starred the games that are actually good, that have significant merit other than just being offensive. r/lowendgaming - Game suggestions for yesterday's hardwareĪcclaimed Video Games - Aggregated list of the most highly critically acclaimed games. This includes key resellersįor more information about these rules click here This includes referral links.ĭon't enable, encourage, or link to piracy. State your request/suggestion in the post title.ĭon't insult, harass, threaten, or stalk users. Please ensure that you include a platform in your post if you are looking for a specific platform. Everyone asking a question just wants advice. To give and get advice on games, gaming equipment, consoles, hardware, software, board games, gaming books, paraphernalia- anything gaming related.ĭon't bash what people want suggestions on - just point them in the right direction and be helpful. ![]() ![]() ![]() This same syntax works with strings and other types. Place the match expression conditions that invoke the same business logic on one line, separated by the | (pipe) character:Ĭase 2 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 10 => println("even") Array to string conversion Error After operation, user password has been changed and no notification has been generated. You have a situation in your Scala code where several match conditions/patterns require that the same business logic be executed, and rather than repeating your business logic for each case, you’d like to use one copy of the business logic for the matching conditions. This is a short PHP guide on how to fix the Array to string conversion error. This is Recipe 3.8, “How to match multiple patterns with one case statement.” Problem This is an excerpt from the 1st Edition of the Scala Cookbook (partially modified for the internet).
![]() ![]() Choose among the best one that fits your requirements > click on Duplicate and start the customization work. In the ‘ Search’ bar, look for Genograms or Family Tree, and you will find several related free templates. We highly recommend logging in to your account so you can save your genogram to your private cloud that can remotely be accessed from you anytime in the future.įrom the homepage, locate ‘ MindMap Gallery’ and head to the user-generated template community. Once you have successfully logged into your mind mapping software, you will be presented with different options. Suppose you wish to quickly make a genogram that is fully customizable, then EdrawMind is the answer to your situation.Ĭheck the following steps and learn how to make a genogram for free and quickly: Step 1: Launch EdrawMindĭownload and install EdrawMind from the official website. How to Make a Genogram in EdrawMindĬreating a genogram can become a daunting task if you have to do everything manually. ![]() At the same time, a genogram software provides us with revision options that let us track back to the different versions to make any or all changes. Once you are satisfied with the content and connections, try to look for recurring themes and potential influences on the family dynamics.Īs you saw in these extensive steps to make a genogram, we always require software to assist us as we work on multigenerational families. Since you have not used any software, chances are you might need to erase a few things before finalizing the final one. ![]() Once you are done sketching the genogram, try to analyze and interpret it. Try enhancing the genogram by adding these details that would help you understand the strong bonds, conflicts, and estrangements and, at the same time, shed light on physical and mental health issues. Step 4: Add DetailsĪ genogram feels incomplete if you do not add age, gender, emotional health, and medical conditions. Try to incorporate the genogram symbols that you have defined to represent each individual and their connection with the rest of the family members. Place the grandparents and then parents and then the children, so one can easily understand the family hierarchy. Step 3: Draw Basic StructureĪlways start from the top tier of the family side when you start making a genogram. At the same time, try to use specific symbols to denote important information, like health conditions, emotional connections, and others. ![]() Universally, we go ahead with circles for females, squares for males, and different connecting lines that represent relationship bonds. Try to familiarize yourself with the standard symbols that are used in genograms that would represent different family members. Symbols and colors play a very important role when it comes to making a genogram. Also, gather information about their current dynamics, like death, marriage, divorce, separation, and others. Try to include extended family members such as close aunts, uncles, cousins, and grandparents (maternal and paternal). Note down the family members, their names, dates of birth, and relationship with one another. The first step you need to do here is to start collecting the essential information about the family. This way, you will understand all the important elements that go into a genogram and how a modern approach is fitted. Before we show you the easiest way to make a genogram, let us walk you through the step-by-step guide on making a genogram in general. ![]() ![]() ![]() No country or hope of one! If l went to my Khan dada’s gate, went sometimes with one man, some times with two…., I used to go to Shah Begim, entering her house, bareheaded and barefoot, just as if it were my own(2). “During my stay at Tashkint I endured poverty and humiliation. In his account of 908 (A.H.) July 7th 1502 to June 26th 1503(C.E.) Babar writes : In utter despair and he left for Tashkant which was held by his maternal uncle. Babar also failed to hold his ancestoral kingdom of Farghana. He captured and lost Samarqand in 1497 and again in 1501-02. It is often ignored that Babar’s career in Central Asia is one of frequent defeats and not of glorious success. However, there is a serious need to cross check these factors. Further, the use of light cannons and guns shielded by a barricade of carts and the flanking maneuvers deployed by Babar are considered as the decisive factor in his victory at Panipat(1). Whenever there is a reference to the first battle of Panipat it is a common practice to talk of the blood of Timur and Genghis Khan in Babar’s veins. However had Sultan Ibrahim survived another hour of fighting he would have won, as Babur had no reserves and his troops were rapidly tiring. Most of them changed their allegiance to the new master of Delhi. Ibrahim Lodi died on the field of battle, abandoned by his feudatories and generals (many of whom were mercenaries). the nozzle of the heavy cannons could also be easily changed as they could be manoeuvered by the mantelets which were provided with wheels. The guns and cannons could be fired without any fear of being hit as they were shielded by the bullock carts which were held in place due to the hide ropes holding them together. ![]() These two tactics made Babur’s artillery lethal. ![]() Behind them were placed cannons protected and supported by mantelets which could be used to easily manoeuvre the canons. the Centre Forward division was then provided with carts (araba) which were placed in rows facing the enemy and tied to each other with animal hide ropes. Through this a small army could be used to surround the enemy from all the sides. ![]() The Left and Right divisions were further subdivided into Forward and Rear divisions. Tulughma meant dividing the whole army into various units, viz. The new war tactics introduced by Babur were the tulughma and the araba. However a reading of the contemporary sources show that more than the gun, it was the tactics which helped in winning the day. It is generally held that Babur’s guns proved decisive in battle, firstly because Ibrahim Lodi lacked any field artillery, but also because the sound of the cannon frightened Lodi’s elephants, causing them to trample Lodi’s own men. Babur estimated Lodi had around 100,000 men, though that number included camp followers, while the fighting force was around 30,000 to 40,000 men in total, along with at least 1000 war elephants. It is estimated that Babur’s forces numbered around 15,000 men and had between 20 to 24 pieces of field artillery. The battle was fought on 21 April near the small village of Panipat, in the present day Indian state of Haryana, an area that has been the site of a number of decisive battles for the control of Northern India since the twelfth century. In 1526, the Mughal forces of Babur, the Timurid ruler of Kabulistan, defeated the much larger ruling army of Ibrahim Lodi,Sultan of Delhi. This was one of the earliest battles involving gunpowderfirearms and field artillery. It marked the beginning of the Mughal Empire. The First Battle of Panipat was fought between the invading forces of Babur and the Lodi Empire, which took place on 21 April 1526 in North India. ![]() |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |